Sebouh Aslanian, “Trade Diaspora versus
"In the first half of the eighteenth century, Julfans had settled in what are now Malaysia; Indonesia (Hordananian; Coless; CoUectie 606 Armen Joseph; Sarkissian); Canton (Guangdong), China (Poladian, "Chinastani hay"; Morse 2:84-5); and, starting in the 1660s, in Manila in the Philippines (Quiason 37-41, 88-90, 93, 98, 171-2; Clarence-Smith, 118-119; Aslanian, From the Indian chap. 4)." (p. 48)
In PRO, the trial proceedings of the capture of the Santa Catharina, along with numerous bundles of "Armenian papers", "1,700 mercantile letters and contracts...five or six letters in Italian and Latin from the Carmelite mission in Rome addressed to recipients as far away as Beijing..." (p. 54)
"the presence of New Julfa's intelligence networks allowed its merchants to exercise influence in regions where they did not have immediate representatives. As an example of how this was done, consider the case of a merchant ship called the Santa Reta, owned by two merchants, an Armenian and a Greek, both trading out of Madras. The ship was confiscated as a 'prize' by the British navy near Canton (Guangdong), China, in 1780 after its owners were forced out of Manila, where they were trading at the outbreak of war between Britain and Spain...its Armenian owner, Muchertich Vasseli...wrote a petition/letter to the only fellow New Julfan known to him, who resided in London at the time...What is noteworthy about this document is the rhetoric of kinship and 'nationality' invoked by the Armenian in China to establish long-distance trust and solidarity with another New Julfan residing in London" (p. 67)
Sebouh Aslanian, "From the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean: Circulation and the Global Trade Networks of Armenian Merchants from New Julfa, 1605-1747," unpublished doctoral diss., Columbia University, 2006.
L. Ter-Mkrtchyan, "Armenians in China (from ancient times to recent history," The International Association for the Study of the Cultures of Central Asia: Information Bulletin, Vol. 4, 1983, pp. 24-31.
Mesrovb Jacob Seth, Armenians in India: from the earliest times to the present day (Calcutta, 1937; New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, 1992). "Sir Catchick Paul Chater, C.M.G., LL.D., the 'Grand Old Man' of Hong Kong," pp. 550-560.
Michael Greenberg, British trade and the opening of China, 1800-42 (Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1951), pp. 114-115. "the Senate [of Macao] has positively forbidden the Portuguese ships to bring any Armenians as passengers next year [1802]."
Hosea B. Morse, The Chronicles of the East India Company Trading to China 1635–1834 (Oxford, 1926–1929), vol. 2, pp. 84–85; vol. 3, p. 103, 106, 225.
Sir John Barrow, Travels in China : containing descriptions, observations, and comparisons, made and collected in the course of a short residence at the imperial palace of Yuen-min-yuen, and on a subsequent journey through the country from Pekin to Canton... (London: T. Cadell and W. Davies, 1804), pp. 611-612. The Armenian and his Pearl. "I have been told a curious history, by a gentleman who was on the spot [Canton] at the time it happened."
H. E. Richardson, "Armenians in India and Tibet," Journal of the Tibet Society, Vol. 1 (1980), pp. 63-67.
Keram Kevonian, “Un Itinéraire Arménienne de la Mer de Chine [An Armenian Itinerary of the
Keram Kevonian and Michel Aghassian, "The Armenian Merchant Network: Overall Autonomy and Local Integration," Merchants, Companies and Trade: Europe and Asia in the Early Modern Era, ed. by Sushil Chaudhury and Michel Morineau. Cambridge: CUP, 199, pp. 74-94.
Keram Kevonian and Michel Aghassian, "Armenian Trade in the Indian Ocean in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries," Asian Merchants and Businessmen in the Indian Ocean and the China Sea, ed. Denys Lombard and Jean Aubin. Oxford: OUP, pp. 154-177.
Ronald Ferrier, "The Agreement of the East India Company with the Armenian Nation, 22nd June 1688," Revue des Études Arméniennes n.s. Vol. 7 (1970), pp. 427-443.
Ronald Ferrier, "The Armenians and the East India Company in Persia in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century," Economic History Review, 2nd. ser. Vol. 26 (1973), pp. 38-62.
Joan George, Merchants in Exile: The Armenians of Manchester, England, 1835-1935. London: Gomidas Institute Press, 2002.
Sushil Chaudhury, "Trading Networks in a Traditional Diaspora: Armenians in India, c. 1600-1800," Diaspora Entrepreneurial Networks: Four Centuries of History, ed. Ina Baghdiantz McCabe, Gelina Harlaftis, and Ioanna Pepelasis Minoglou. Oxford: Berg, 2005, pp. 51-72.
Vahan Baibourtian, International Trade and Armenian Merchants in the Seventeenth Century. New Delhi: Sterling, 2004.
Vahé Baladouni and Margaret Makepeace, eds., Armenian Merchants of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: English East India Company Sources. Philadelphia: Am. Phil. Soc., 1998.
Ina Baghdiantz McCabe, "Merchant Capital and Knowledge: The Financing of Early Printing Press by the Eurasian Silk Trade of New Julfa," Treasures in Heaven: Armenian Art, Religion, and Society, ed. T. F. Mathews and R. S. Wieck. New York: Pierpont Morgan, 1998, pp. 58-73.
Ina Baghdiantz McCabe, The Shah's Silk for Europe's Silver: The Eurasian Trade of the Julfa Armenians in Safavid Iran and India, 1530-1750. Atlanta: Scholars P, 1999.
Mesrovb Seth, History of the Armenians in India from the Earliest Times to the Present. 1937. New Delhi: Asian Ed. Service, 1992.
Nadia H. Wright, Respected Citizens: the History of Armenians in Singapore and Malaysia. Victoria, Australia: Amasia Publishing, 2003.
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